Object Oriented Programming - OOP and functional programming - FP in Kotlin

Veröffentlicht am: 09 Januar 2026
auf dem Kanal: Android Ninja Warrior

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and functional programming (FP)
OOP in Kotlin is a foundational paradigm for organizing complex software systems around objects that encapsulate data (properties) and behavior (methods). Objects keep data safe and use functions to access it.

OOP is a way of programming where we create objects that have data and actions, just like real life.
A student has data: name, age, roll number
A student can do actions: study(), attendClass()

Pillar of OOPs:
1. Abstraction:
Objects are data abstractions with internal representations, along with methods to interact with those internal representations. There is no need to expose internal implementation details, so those may stay “inside” and be hidden.

2. Encapsulation:
Encapsulation – The option to bundle data with methods operating on said data, which also allows you to hide the implementation details from the user.

An object is a black box. It accepts messages and replies in some way.
Encapsulation and the interface of a class are intertwined: Anything that is not part of the interface is encapsulated.
OOP encapsulation differs from encapsulation in abstract data types.

Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Abstraction is about what others see and how they interact with an object.
Encapsulation is about how an object operates internally and how it responds to messages.

Most programming languages provide special keywords for modifying the accessibility or visibility of attributes and methods.

In Kotlin:
publiс – Accessible to anyone
private – Accessible only inside the class
protected – Accessible inside the class and its inheritors
internal – Accessible in the module

3. Inheritance:
Inheritance – The possibility to define a new class based on an already existing one, keeping all or some of the base class functionality (state/behavior).

The class that is being inherited from is called a base or parent class
The new class is called a derived class, a child, or an inheritor
The derived class fully satisfies the specification of the base class, but it may have some extended features (state/behavior)

4. Polymorphism:
Polymorphism – A core OOP concept that refers to working with objects through their interfaces without knowledge about their specific types and internal structure.
Inheritors can override and change the ancestral behavior.
Objects can be used through their parents’ interfaces.
The client code does not know (or care) if it is working with the base class or some child class, nor does it know what exactly happens “inside”.

Functional Programming:
We are already familiar with object-oriented programming (OOP), but Kotlin also borrows concepts from functional programming (FP). FP is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions.

Role of Functional Programming (FP)
1. Conciseness and Expressiveness:
2. Immutability:
3. First-Class and Higher-Order Functions:
4. Pure Functions:
5. Avoid Side Effects:
6. Treat functions as data:
7. Statelessness:
8. Lazy Evaluation:

Use Cases: FP is especially suited for scenarios involving complex data transformations, filtering data collections, mathematical computations, and asynchronous programming with coroutines and Flow.

FP in Kotlin does not kill OOP. Each of the concepts brings its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to combine them in order to get concise, readable and understandable code!

Guide to watch:
00:00 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Kotlin
03:35 Pillar of Object-Oriented Programming - OOPs
05:16 Abstraction vs Encapsulation in Kotlin
06:36 Inheritance in Kotlin
08:27 Polymorphism in Kotlin
09:20 Functional Programming in Kotlin
09:50 Role of Functional Programming in Kotlin

#Object-OrientedProgramming #OOP #FP #FunctionalProgramming #PillarofOOPs #Abstraction #Encapsulation #Inheritance #Polymorphism #Conciseness #Expressiveness #Immutability #First-Class #Higher-OrderFunctions #PureFunctions #Statelessness #LazyEvaluation #KotlinTutorial #HindiTutorial #KotlinHindi #KotlinHindiTutorial #KotlinCompleteTutorial #KotlinForAndroid

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