Python Global Keyword|Controlling Variable Scope Across Functions
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In Python, the `global` keyword is a declaration used to indicate that a variable referenced inside a function is actually referring to a global variable defined outside the function. When you use a variable name inside a function, Python first searches for that variable in the local scope (inside the function). If it's not found, it looks for it in the global scope (outside the function).
Here's a concise definition of the `global` keyword:
**Definition**: The `global` keyword in Python is used to declare that a variable inside a function is referring to a global variable, rather than creating a new local variable with the same name.
**Purpose**: When a variable name is referenced inside a function, Python normally assumes that it's a local variable unless specified otherwise. By using the `global` keyword, you can explicitly indicate that the variable is referring to a global variable, ensuring that modifications made to the variable inside the function affect the global variable with the same name.
**Syntax**: The syntax for using the `global` keyword is as follows:
```python
global variable_name
```
**Usage**: The `global` keyword should be placed at the beginning of a function, before the variable is referenced or modified. It declares that the variable within the function is associated with the global variable of the same name.
**Effect**: When a variable is declared as `global` inside a function, any modifications made to that variable inside the function will affect the global variable with the same name. If there is no global variable with that name, a new global variable will be created.
**Example**:
```python
x = 10 # Global variable
def my_function():
global x # Declaring that 'x' refers to the global variable
x = 20 # Modifying the global variable 'x' inside the function
print("Inside function:", x)
my_function()
print("Outside function:", x)
```
Output:
```
Inside function: 20
Outside function: 20
```
In this example, the `global` keyword is used to declare that the variable `x` inside the function `my_function()` refers to the global variable `x`. Therefore, modifying `x` inside the function affects the global variable `x` as well.
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