java threads wait and notify

Veröffentlicht am: 29 Oktober 2024
auf dem Kanal: CodeSolve

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certainly! in java, multithreading is a powerful feature that allows multiple threads to run concurrently, enabling efficient use of system resources. the `wait()` and `notify()` methods are part of the object class and are used for inter-thread communication. they allow threads to communicate about the availability of resources.

thread states

before diving into `wait()` and `notify()`, let's understand the states of a thread:
**new**: when a thread is created but not yet started.
**runnable**: when a thread is ready to run and is waiting for cpu time.
**blocked**: when a thread is waiting for a monitor lock.
**waiting**: when a thread is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action.
**timed waiting**: when a thread is waiting for another thread to perform an action for up to a specified waiting time.
**terminated**: when a thread has completed its execution.

using `wait()` and `notify()`

**`wait()`**: this method is called on an object, causing the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the `notify()` or `notifyall()` method on the same object.
**`notify()`**: this method wakes up one thread that is waiting on the object's monitor.
**`notifyall()`**: this method wakes up all threads that are waiting on the object's monitor.

important points

1. `wait()`, `notify()`, and `notifyall()` must be called from synchronized blocks or methods.
2. `wait()` releases the lock on the object and allows other threads to acquire the lock.
3. `notify()` does not release the lock; it merely signals that a waiting thread can attempt to reacquire the lock.

example: producer-consumer problem

here’s a simple example illustrating the `wait()` and `notify()` methods using the producer-consumer problem.

#### code example

explanation of the code:

1. **queue**: a shared `linkedlist` is used as a buffer with a maximum capacity of 5.
2. **producer method**:
if the queue is full, the producer waits.
...

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