Python: How to use Python Abstract Class? | Python Abstract Class | Python for Beginners
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In Python, an abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly but serves as a blueprint for other classes. It is meant to be subclassed, and its purpose is to define a common interface or set of methods that derived classes must implement.
To create an abstract class in Python, you need to use the `abc` module, which stands for Abstract Base Classes. Here's an example of how to define an abstract class:
```python
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class AbstractClass(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def abstract_method(self):
pass
@staticmethod
@abstractmethod
def static_abstract_method():
pass
```
In the example above, the `ABC` class from the `abc` module is used as the base class for the `AbstractClass`. The `abstractmethod` decorator is applied to methods that are meant to be abstract. These methods don't have an implementation in the abstract class and must be overridden by any concrete subclass that inherits from `AbstractClass`.
Note that you can use the `abstractmethod` decorator either with instance methods or with static methods, as shown in the example.
When a class inherits from an abstract class, it must implement all the abstract methods defined in the abstract class. Otherwise, it will be considered abstract itself and cannot be instantiated.
Here's an example of a concrete subclass that inherits from the `AbstractClass` and provides implementations for the abstract methods:
```python
class ConcreteClass(AbstractClass):
def abstract_method(self):
print("Implementation of abstract_method")
@staticmethod
def static_abstract_method():
print("Implementation of static_abstract_method")
```
In this example, the `ConcreteClass` provides implementations for both the `abstract_method` and the `static_abstract_method`, making it a concrete class that can be instantiated.
Using abstract classes in Python allows you to define common interfaces and enforce certain behaviors for subclasses, providing a structure for your code and facilitating polymorphism.
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