python typing with default value
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python's type hints and annotations, introduced in pep 484, provide a way to add type information to your code, making it more readable and maintainable. in this tutorial, we will explore how to use type hints in function signatures, particularly when working with default values.
type hints are a way to indicate the expected types of variables and return values in your python code. while python is a dynamically-typed language, type hints allow developers to add static typing information to their code for better clarity and tooling support.
let's start by looking at a simple function with basic type hints:
in this example, the add_numbers function takes two parameters (x and y) of type int and returns an int. this makes it clear what types of values the function expects and what it produces.
python also allows you to provide default values for function parameters. let's enhance our function to include default values:
in this case, the add_numbers_with_default function takes two parameters, where y has a default value of 0. if the caller does not provide a value for y, it will be assumed as 0.
now, let's combine type hints with default values:
the type hints are applied to both parameters (x and y) and the return value (int). this makes the function signature more informative and helps developers understand the expected types.
if your function deals with more complex data types, you can use types from the typing module:
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