source command not found in sh shell

Published: 28 June 2025
on channel: CodeTube
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Understanding and Troubleshooting "source: command not found" in `sh` Shell

The "source: command not found" error in the `sh` shell is a common issue that arises when you're trying to execute a script or load environment variables using the `source` command (also known as `.` - the dot command), but the shell cannot find the `source` command itself. This error usually means you're trying to use a feature that isn't part of the basic `sh` shell specification. To understand and resolve this, let's delve deeper into the following aspects:

*1. What is the `source` command (and its purpose)?*

The `source` command is a shell built-in command (not an external executable file). Its primary function is to *execute the commands within a specified script in the *current shell environment**. This is crucial for:

*Loading Environment Variables:* Setting environment variables (e.g., `PATH`, `JAVA_HOME`) that will be available to subsequent commands you execute in the same terminal session.
*Defining Functions:* Defining shell functions that you can then use within your current shell session.
*Altering the Shell's Behavior:* Changing shell options or aliases to customize your environment.

*Key Difference between `source` and Directly Executing a Script (`./script.sh`)*

The critical difference lies in the execution environment.

*`source script.sh` (or `. script.sh`)**: Executes the script *within the current shell process. Any environment variables or functions defined in the script are directly applied to the current shell. Changes persist after the script finishes running.
**`./script.sh`**: Executes the script in a *new subshell*. The script's environment is separate from the parent shell. When the script finishes, the subshell terminates, and any environment variables or functions defined within the script are lost.

*Example to illustrate the difference:*





*Output:*



As you can see, using `source` made `MY_VAR` available in the c ...

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