Pulse Code Modulation

Published: 12 April 2024
on channel: Salim Khan

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PCM stands for Pulse Code Modulation. It is a method used to digitally represent analog signals, usually audio signals. PCM is widely used in digital communication systems, audio processing, and various other applications where analog signals need to be converted into digital form.

Here's how PCM works:

1. *Sampling:* The analog signal is sampled at regular intervals to convert it into a series of discrete samples. The sampling rate determines how often the signal is sampled per second (measured in Hz or kHz).

2. *Quantization:* Each sample is quantized to a specific bit depth, which determines the number of bits used to represent each sample. For example, 8-bit PCM uses 8 bits for each sample, allowing for 256 different amplitude levels (2^8).

3. *Encoding:* The quantized samples are then encoded into binary code. Each amplitude level is represented by a unique binary code, which is typically in the form of a binary number.

4. *Transmission/Storage:* The binary PCM signal can be transmitted over a communication channel or stored in a digital storage medium.

5. *Reconstruction:* At the receiving end, the PCM signal is decoded to reconstruct the original analog signal. This involves reversing the quantization and sampling processes to convert the digital signal back into an analog signal.

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