Constructors & Destructors in C++ Programming | Object Oriented Programming Concepts
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What is a Constructor?
A constructor is a member function of a class which initializes objects of a class. In C++, Constructor is automatically called when object(instance of class) is created. It is special member function of the class.
2. How constructors are different from a normal member function?
A constructor is different from normal functions in following ways:
Constructor has same name as the class itself
Constructors don’t have return type
A constructor is automatically called when an object is created.
If we do not specify a constructor, C++ compiler generates a default constructor for us (expects no parameters and has an empty body).
Types of Constructors?
Default Constructors: Default constructor is the constructor which doesn’t take any argument. It has no parameters.
Parameterized Constructors: It is possible to pass arguments to constructors. Typically, these arguments help initialize an object when it is created. To create a parameterized constructor, simply add parameters to it the way you would to any other function. When you define the constructor’s body, use the parameters to initialize the object.
Copy Constructor: A copy constructor is a member function which initializes an object using another object of the same class.
What is Destructor?
Destructor is a member function which destructs or deletes an object.
When is destructor called?
The function ends.
The program ends.
A block containing local variables ends.
A delete operator is called.
How destructors are different from a normal member function?
Destructors have same name as the class preceded by a tilde (~).
Destructors don’t take any argument and don’t return anything(not even void).
Can there be more than one destructor in a class?
No, there can only one destructor in a class with classname preceded by ~, no parameters and no return type.
When do we need to write a user-defined destructor?
If we do not write our own destructor in class, compiler creates a default destructor for us. The default destructor works fine unless we have dynamically allocated memory or pointer in class. When a class contains a pointer to memory allocated in class, we should write a destructor to release memory before the class instance is destroyed. This must be done to avoid memory leak.
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