Java Programming Lesson | Program Development Basics | Semantics

Published: 13 October 2019
on channel: Jiangxi University of Science & Technology

Program Development Basics about JAVA - Syntax, Semantics
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The mechanics of developing a program include several activities
writing the program in a specific programming language (such as Java)
translating the program into a form that the computer can execute
investigating and fixing various types of errors that can occur
Software tools can be used to help with all parts of this process
There are four programming language levels:
machine language
assembly language
high-level language
fourth-generation language
Each type of CPU has its own specific machine language
The other levels were created to make it easier for a human being to read and write programs
Each type of CPU executes only a particular machine language
A program must be translated into machine language before it can be executed
A compiler is a software tool which translates source code into a specific target language
Often, that target language is the machine language for a particular CPU type
The Java approach is somewhat different
The Java compiler translates Java source code into a special representation called bytecode
Java bytecode is not the machine language for any traditional CPU
Another software tool, called an interpreter, translates bytecode into machine language and executes it
Therefore the Java compiler is not tied to any particular machine
Java is considered to be architecture-neutral
There are many programs that support the development of Java software, including:
Sun Java Development Kit (JDK)
Sun NetBeans
IBM Eclipse
Borland JBuilder
MetroWerks CodeWarrior
Monash BlueJ
Though the details of these environments differ, the basic compilation and execution process is essentially the same
The syntax rules of a language define how we can put together symbols, reserved words, and identifiers to make a valid program
The semantics of a program statement define what that statement means (its purpose or role in a program)
A program that is syntactically correct is not necessarily logically (semantically) correct
A program will always do what we tell it to do, not what we meant to tell it to do
A program can have three types of errors
The compiler will find syntax errors and other basic problems (compile-time errors)
If compile-time errors exist, an executable version of the program is not created
A problem can occur during program execution, such as trying to divide by zero, which causes a program to terminate abnormally (run-time errors)
A program may run, but produce incorrect results, perhaps using an incorrect formula (logical errors)

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