Packages in Python

Published: 19 July 2022
on channel: Parag Dhawan

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In Python, a package is a way of organizing related modules or files together in a directory hierarchy. A package can contain multiple modules, sub-packages, and other resources like images, configuration files, etc.

To create a package in Python, you need to create a directory with an __init__.py file inside it. This file is executed when the package is imported, and it can contain initialization code, module imports, and other configuration.

For example, let's say you want to create a package called my_package that contains two modules: module1.py and module2.py. You can create the following directory structure:

my_package/
├── __init__.py
├── module1.py
└── module2.py

The __init__.py file can be left empty or can contain initialization code, for example:

my_package/__init__.py
print("my_package initialized")

import modules
from . import module1
from . import module2

Now you can import your package and its modules like this:

import my_package

my_package.module1.do_something()
my_package.module2.do_something_else()

You can also import specific modules directly:

from my_package import module1

module1.do_something()

Note that Python also comes with many built-in packages that provide a wide range of functionality, such as os for operating system-related tasks, math for mathematical operations, datetime for working with dates and times, and many more. You can import these packages like any other package and use their functions and classes in your code.

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