encapsulation sample code in java
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encapsulation in java
encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (oop) in java. it refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, typically a class. it also restricts direct access to some of the object's components, which is a means of preventing unintended interference and misuse. the main goal of encapsulation is to protect the integrity of the data and hide the internal implementation details from the outside world.
key features of encapsulation
1. **data hiding**: the internal state of an object is hidden from the outside. only the object’s methods can access and modify that state.
2. **controlled access**: access to the data is controlled through public methods (getters and setters).
3. **flexibility and maintenance**: changes to the internal implementation can be made without affecting the classes that use the encapsulated class.
example of encapsulation in java
let's create a simple example that demonstrates encapsulation using a `bankaccount` class.
explanation of the code
1. **class definition**: the `bankaccount` class encapsulates the properties (`accountnumber` and `balance`) and behaviors (methods like `deposit` and `withdraw`).
2. **private variables**: the attributes are declared as private, which prevents direct access from outside the class.
3. **constructor**: a constructor initializes the account with an account number and an initial balance.
4. **getters**: public methods `getaccountnumber()` and `getbalance()` provide controlled access to the private attributes.
5. **setters/methods**: the `deposit()` and `withdraw()` methods allow users to modify the balance while enforcing rules (e.g., not allowing negative deposits or withdrawals exceeding the balance).
6. **main class**: in the `main` class, we create an instance of `bankaccount`, deposit money, withdraw money, and display the account information.
benefits of encapsu ...
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