ss Command Tutorial: Socket Statistics & netstat Replacement in Linux
Master the Linux `ss` command — the modern iproute2 replacement for netstat. In this hands-on tutorial, you'll learn how to inspect socket statistics, identify listening ports, and diagnose network connections directly from the terminal.
What you'll learn:
• What the `ss` command is and why it replaces netstat in modern Linux
• TCP, UDP, and UNIX socket families explained with real examples
• Socket states: LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, TIME_WAIT, FIN_WAIT and others
• Essential flag combinations: -t, -u, -l, -p, -n, -4, -6
• Filtering sockets by state using `ss -t state listening` and `ss -t state established`
• Reading summary statistics with `ss -s` and interpreting the TCP state breakdown
• Inspecting UNIX domain sockets and TIME_WAIT timers
Lab commands demonstrated (read-only inspection):
1) ss -tuln | head -10 — list listening TCP/UDP ports numerically
2) ss -s — socket summary statistics
3) ss -t state established — show active TCP connections
4) ss -t state listening — show listening TCP sockets
5) ss -t -o state time-wait | head -5 — inspect TIME_WAIT sockets with timer info
6) ss -x | head -5 — list UNIX domain sockets
Who this is for: developers, sysadmins, DevOps engineers, and IT students who want practical Linux networking and troubleshooting skills.
Drop a comment: which `ss` flag combination do you use most in your daily workflow?
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