Single number leetcode 136 python
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leetcode 136: single number - a comprehensive guide with python code
this tutorial provides a detailed explanation and solution for leetcode problem 136, "single number." we'll cover the problem description, different approaches (including the most efficient one using xor), the python code with explanations, and analyze its time and space complexity.
*problem description:*
given a non-empty array of integers `nums`, every element appears twice except for one. find that single one.
*constraints:*
`1 = nums.length = 3 * 10^4`
`-3 * 10^4 = nums[i] = 3 * 10^4`
each element in the array appears twice except for one element which appears only once.
*example 1:*
*example 2:*
*example 3:*
*understanding the problem:*
the core challenge is to efficiently identify the one element that appears only once within an array where all other elements appear exactly twice. the key to solving this problem efficiently is to leverage the properties of the xor (exclusive or) operation.
*approaches and solutions:*
let's discuss different approaches to solving this problem, ranked by efficiency:
1. *using a hash table (dictionary):*
*idea:* we can iterate through the `nums` array and store the count of each number in a hash table (dictionary in python). after counting, we iterate through the hash table to find the number with a count of 1.
*python code:*
*time complexity:* o(n) - we iterate through the array twice in the worst case.
*space complexity:* o(n) - in the worst case, where all elements are unique (except the single number), we'll store all numbers in the hash table.
2. *using sets:*
*idea:* we can use a set to keep track of the numbers we've seen. if we encounter a number for the first time, we add it to the set. if we encounter it again, we remove it from the set. the remaining element in the set will be the single number.
*python code:*
...
#LeetCode #Python #CodingChallenge
single number
leetcode
python
bit manipulation
XOR
unique element
array
algorithm
coding challenge
data structures
problem solving
interview questions
complexity analysis
input output
hashing
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