What are Sets in Python - Explained with Examples | Python Tutorial for Beginners
Notes prepared by Pycent.com for Beginners in python course
Basic Characteristics of Sets:
Unordered: The items in a set have no order.
Unchangeable: You cannot change items in a set after it's created.
Do not allow duplicate values: Sets cannot have two items with the same value.
Important Point- in Creating a Set:
Sets are created using curly brackets {} or the set() constructor.
Example:
Using curly brackets
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(fruits)
Using set constructor
colors = set(["red", "green", "blue"])
print(colors)
Accessing Items:
You cannot access items in a set by referring to an index, but you can loop through the set items using a for loop.
Example:
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
Checking if an Item Exists:
Example:
if "apple" in fruits:
print("Apple is in the set")
Adding and Removing Items from Sets
add(): Adds one item to a set.
update(): Adds more than one item to a set.
Example:
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits)
fruits.update(["grape", "mango"])
print(fruits)
Removing Items from sets:
remove(): Removes a specified item from the set. Raises an error if the item does not exist.
discard(): Removes a specified item, but does not raise an error if the item does not exist.
pop(): Removes the last item. As sets are unordered, you won't know which item gets removed.
clear(): Empties the set.
Example:
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)
fruits.discard("apple")
print(fruits)
fruits.pop()
print(fruits)
fruits.clear()
print(fruits)
Operations that can be performed on sets like on sets in mathematics
Set Operations:
Union (| or union() method): Returns a set containing all items from both sets.
Example for Union:
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4, 5}
print(A | B)
print(A.union(B))
Example for Intersection
print(A & B)
print(A.intersection(B))
Example for Difference
print(A - B)
print(A.difference(B))
Example for Symmetric difference:
print(A ^ B)
print(A.symmetric_difference(B))
Real-time Examples of Sets in Python:
Removing Duplicate Values from a List:
Example:
keywords_list = ["Python set", "Set methods", "Create set", "Set methods", "Set union", "Python set"]
unique_keywords = set(keywords_list)
print(unique_keywords)
Finding Common Elements between Two Lists:
Example:
list1 = ["Python set", "Set methods", "Set union"]
list2 = ["Set union", "Set difference", "Set methods"]
common_keywords = set(list1).intersection(list2)
print(common_keywords)
Checking Membership:
keywords_set = {"Python set", "Set methods", "Create set"}
if "Python set" in keywords_set:
print("This is a popular keyword!")
Combining Keywords from Multiple Sources without Duplicates
Example:
source1 = {"Python set", "Set methods", "Set union"}
source2 = {"Set union", "Set intersection", "Python sets tutorial"}
master_keywords = source1.union(source2)
print(master_keywords)
Finding Unique Items:
users = ["user1", "user2", "user3", "user1", "user4"]
unique_users = set(users)
print(unique_users)
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