Python Abstract Base Classes Explained (ABC + @abstractmethod)
An abstract base class lets you define a contract: a set of methods every subclass is required to implement, enforced by Python. This guide builds a payment system, PaymentMethod with CreditCard and PayPal, to show why ABCs matter. We start with the problem of a base class nobody enforces, where a missing method only fails when it's finally called. Then we fix it with the abc module: ABC and @abstractmethod, why an abstract class can't be instantiated, how subclasses that skip a method stay abstract and fail at creation, abstract properties, mixing abstract and concrete methods, ABCs versus duck typing, and register() for virtual subclasses. We finish with when an ABC is the right tool and when it's overkill.
This is the capstone of the OOP series.
Watch the series
Dunder / magic methods (full video): • Python Dunder Methods Explained - Full Guide
The four pillars of OOP (full video): • The Four Pillars of OOP Explained in Python
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