modifiers in python with example
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Modifiers in Python are elements that alter the behavior of variables, functions, or classes. They play a crucial role in controlling access, visibility, and functionality. In this tutorial, we will explore various modifiers in Python, such as public, private, and protected modifiers, and how they impact the accessibility of attributes and methods.
By default, all variables and methods in a Python class are public. This means they can be accessed from outside the class. Let's consider an example:
In the above example, both make and model attributes are public and can be accessed directly from outside the class.
To make an attribute or method private, you can prefix its name with a double underscore __. Private attributes and methods are not accessible from outside the class. Let's modify our Car class to include private attributes:
In this example, __make and __model are private attributes, and attempting to access them directly from outside the class will result in an AttributeError. However, we can still access and modify them using methods like display_info.
A protected attribute or method in Python is denoted by a single underscore _ as a prefix. While it is still technically accessible from outside the class, it is considered a convention to treat it as protected. Let's modify our Car class to include protected attributes:
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