Output redirection - linux command line
Exploring Types of Streams
To begin understanding redirection and pipes, you must first understand the different types of input and output streams. Three are most important for this topic:
Standard Input Programs accept keyboard input via standard input, or stdin. In most cases, this is the data that comes into the computer from a keyboard.
Standard Output Text-mode programs send most data to their users via standard output (aka stdout), which is normally displayed on the screen, either in a full-screen text-mode session or in a GUI window such as an xterm. (Fully GUI programs such as GUI word processors don’t use standard output for their regular interactions, although they might use standard output to display messages in the xterm from which they were launched. GUI output isn’t handled via an output stream in the sense I’m describing here.)
Standard Error Linux provides a second type of output stream, known as standard error, or stderr. This output stream is intended to carry high-priority information such as error messages. Ordinarily, standard error is sent to the same output device as standard output, so you can’t easily tell them apart. You can redirect one independently of the other, though, which can be handy. For instance, you can redirect standard error to a file while leaving standard output going to the screen so that you can interact with the program and then study the error messages later.
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