How to make Chat application using PYTHON ? || Full Explanation || Practical Project ||
How to set up a simple Chat Room server and allow multiple clients to connect to it using a client-side script. The code uses the concept of sockets and threading.
Socket programming
Sockets can be thought of as endpoints in a communication channel that is bi-directional and establishes communication between a server and one or more clients. Here, we set up a socket on each end and allow a client to interact with other clients via the server. The socket on the server side associates itself with some hardware port on the server side. Any client that has a socket associated with the same port can communicate with the server socket.
Multi-Threading
A thread is a sub-process that runs a set of commands individually of any other thread. So, every time a user connects to the server, a separate thread is created for that user, and communication from the server to the client takes place along individual threads based on socket objects created for the sake of the identity of each client.
We will require two scripts to establish this chat room. One to keep the serving running, and another that every client should run in order to connect to the server.
Server Side Script
The server-side script will attempt to establish a socket and bind it to an IP address and port specified by the user (windows users might have to make an exception for the specified port number in their firewall settings, or can rather use a port that is already open). The script will then stay open and receive connection requests and will append respective socket objects to a list to keep track of active connections. Every time a user connects,
a separate thread will be created for that user. In each thread, the server awaits a message and sends that message to other users currently on the chat. If the server encounters an error while trying to receive a message from a particular thread, it will exit that thread.
Usage
This server can be set up on a local area network by choosing any on the computer to be a server node, and using that computer’s private IP address as the server IP address.
For example, if a local area network has a set of private IP addresses assigned ranging from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.100, then any computer from these 99 nodes can act as a server, and the remaining nodes may connect to the server node by using the server’s private IP address. Care must be taken to choose a port that is currently not in usage. For example, port 22 is the default for ssh, and port 80 is the default for HTTP protocols. So these two ports preferably, shouldn’t be used or reconfigured to make them free for usage.
However, if the server is meant to be accessible beyond a local network, the public IP address would be required for usage. This would require port forwarding in cases where a node from a local network (node that isn’t the router) wishes to host the server. In this case, we would require any requests that come to the public IP addresses to be re-routed towards our private IP address in our local network, and would hence require port forwarding.
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