LEETCODE (169) in Java | Easy Question | MAJORITY ELEMENT
This Java solution uses the Boyer-Moore Voting Algorithm to efficiently find the majority element in a given array. The majority element is defined as the one that appears more than n/2 times, and this algorithm ensures it is found in linear time (O(n)) using constant space (O(1)). It works by maintaining a candidate and a counter. If the counter drops to zero, the current number becomes the new candidate. For each element, the counter is incremented if it matches the candidate, and decremented otherwise.
By the end of the loop, the candidate is guaranteed to be the majority element due to its higher frequency. This approach avoids extra memory or sorting and is optimal for this problem when a majority element is guaranteed. It’s a great example of how a clever algorithm can outperform brute-force or extra-space solutions.
Time Complexity: O(n)
→ The array is traversed only once.
Space Complexity: O(1)
→ Only two variables (count and candidate) are used regardless of input size.
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