Basic Python 17: Python Namespace and Scope

Pubblicato il: 24 settembre 2022
sul canale di: Testing Tutorialspoint

Python Namespace and Scope:
---------------------------
What is Name in Python?
Name (also called identifier) is simply a name given to objects. Everything in Python is an object. Name is a way to access the underlying object.
ex:
when we do the assignment a = 2, 2 is an object stored in memory and a is the name we associate it with. We can get the address (in RAM) of some object through the built-in function id().
ex:
a = 2
print('id(2) =', id(2))

print('id(a) =', id(a))

a = 2 a = a+1 b = 2
= 2 b - 2
a - 2 a - 3 a - 3

What is a Namespace in Python?

a namespace is a collection of names.
you can imagine a namespace as a mapping of every name you have defined to corresponding objects.
Different namespaces can co-exist at a given time but are completely isolated.
A namespace containing all the built-in names is created when we start the Python interpreter and exists as long as the interpreter runs.
This is the reason that built-in functions like id(), print() etc. are always available to us from any part of the program. Each module creates its own global namespace.

Built-in Namespace
Module: Global Namespace
Functional: Local Namespace

Python Variable Scope:

Scope of the current function which has local names
Scope of the module which has global names
Outermost scope which has built-in names

ex:
def outer_function():
b = 20
def inner_func():
c = 30

a = 10

Here, the variable a is in the global namespace. Variable b is in the local namespace of outer_function() and c is in the nested local namespace of inner_function().

When we are in inner_function(), c is local to us, b is nonlocal and a is global. We can read as well as assign new values to c but can only read b and a from inner_function().

other Ex:

def outer_function():
a = 20

def inner_function():
a = 30
print('a =', a)

inner_function()
print('a =', a)

a = 10
outer_function()
print('a =', a)

other ex:

def outer_function():
global a
a = 20

def inner_function():
global a
a = 30
print('a =', a)

inner_function()
print('a =', a)

a = 10
outer_function()
print('a =', a)
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