Shutil module in python python tutorial day 87
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python tutorial day 87: the `shutil` module
in this tutorial, we'll explore python's `shutil` module, which provides a higher-level interface for file operations. this module is particularly useful for file operations such as copying, moving, and deleting files, as well as working with directories.
what is the `shutil` module?
the `shutil` module helps you perform file operations in a more convenient way than using the built-in functions alone. it offers several functions to manipulate files and directories.
key functions in `shutil`
here are some of the most commonly used functions in the `shutil` module:
1. *copying files*
`shutil.copy(src, dst)`: copies the file from `src` to `dst`. the metadata (permissions, timestamps) is not copied.
`shutil.copy2(src, dst)`: similar to `copy`, but also copies metadata.
2. *moving files*
`shutil.move(src, dst)`: moves a file or directory from `src` to `dst`.
3. *removing files and directories*
`shutil.rmtree(path)`: deletes an entire directory tree at `path`.
4. *creating archives*
`shutil.make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir)`: creates an archive (zip, tar, etc.) at `base_name` from the contents of `root_dir`.
5. *disk usage*
`shutil.disk_usage(path)`: returns the total, used, and free space on the disk.
6. *file operations*
`shutil.chown(path, user=none, group=none)`: change the owner and group of the path.
example code
let's go through some examples to demonstrate how to use these functions.
explanation of the code
1. **creating a file and directory**: we create a text file `example.txt` and a directory called `my_folder`.
2. **copying a file**: the `shutil.copy()` function is used to copy the file `example.txt` to `copy_of_example.txt`.
3. **moving a directory**: the `shutil.move()` function is used to move `my_folder` to `new_folder`.
4. **removing a file**: we use `os.remove()` to delete `copy_of_example.txt`.
5. **removing a director ...
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