Django Tutorial: Django Settings.py File Explained
In this Django tutorial, we will explain the Django settings.py file. In this tutorial, we will go through each part of the settings.py file which is used to control most of Django project. There is a lot to be covered in this file and we will try to cover as much information as possible. It's important to understand we can not cover everything in a single tutorial. Let's dive into the settings.py file.
The Basic Settings.py File
Below you will find the default settings.py file that ships with Django 1.9. We will go from top to bottom and try to cover everything about the settings.py file.
"""
Django settings for lpt project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.7.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
"""
import os
Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '8ub$l1nip#d(m43q%swlj3_-d(stl$7zx75cs3+%c$&la5zen)'
SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'lpt.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'lpt.wsgi.application'
Database
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
Password validation
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
Internationalization
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9...
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
Settings.py File Explained
Python os module
import os
This line imports Pythons os module which allows for a portable way to interact with systems operating system. The main purpose of this module is to allow for cross-platform functionality when working with filenames, paths, and directories. You will see os.path a couple times in the settings file which handles the cross-platform paths for the requested files or directories. This is helpful for when we go from development to the production server.
Base_Dir
Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
Here we create a variable and this variable will represent the location of our base directory. You may be wondering what is our base directory well its lpt. Now I really have you confused, If you look we actually have three directories called lpt. Let's figure out which one of the lpt directories BASE_DIR variable represents and rename that file. Add the following line of code right below the BASE_DIR variable print("Location of base_dir", BASE_DIR) and then run the server using the command python manage.py runserver. Look at the example below.
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