Intro python class variables vs instance variables
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in python, class variables and instance variables serve different purposes and are used in different contexts. it's important to understand the difference between them to effectively work with classes in python.
1. class variables:
class variables are shared among all instances of a class. they are defined within the class definition but outside of any class methods. class variables are accessed using the class name itself or an instance of the class.
in the example above, `num_cars` is a class variable that is incremented each time a new instance of the `car` class is created. this variable is shared among all instances of the class.
2. instance variables:
instance variables are specific to each instance of a class. they are defined within the class methods, typically within the `__init__` method. each instance of the class has its own copy of instance variables.
in the above example, `name` and `age` are instance variables that hold specific values for each instance of the `person` class.
in summary, class variables are shared among all instances of a class and are accessed using the class name, while instance variables hold specific data for each instance of a class and are accessed using the `self` keyword within class methods.
understanding the distinction between class variables and instance variables is crucial when working with object-oriented programming concepts in python.
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