Websites have pages that are protected from regular visitors, for example only the site's admin user should be able to access a page to manage other users. If a website visitor is able to access the protected page/pages that they are not authorised to view, the access controls are broken.
A regular visitor being able to access protected pages, can lead to the following:
Being able to view sensitive information
Accessing unauthorized functionality
OWASP have a listed a few attack scenarios demonstrating access control weaknesses:
Scenario #1: The application uses unverified data in a SQL call that is accessing account information:
pstmt.setString(1, request.getParameter("acct"));
ResultSet results = pstmt.executeQuery( );
An attacker simply modifies the ‘acct’ parameter in the browser to send whatever account number they want. If not properly verified, the attacker can access any user’s account.
http://example.com/app/accountInfo?ac...
Scenario #2: An attacker simply force browses to target URLs. Admin rights are required for access to the admin page.
http://example.com/app/getappInfo
http://example.com/app/admin_getappInfo
If an unauthenticated user can access either page, it’s a flaw. If a non-admin can access the admin page, this is a flaw (reference to scenarios).
To put simply, broken access control allows attackers to bypass authorization which can allow them to view sensitive data or perform tasks as if they were a privileged user.
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