Encapsulation in Java | Data Hiding
Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (instance variables) and code acting on the data (methods) within a single unit or object.
Example:
Consider a class Student with instance variables name, age, and rollNumber. To ensure the data is safe from outside access and manipulation, the instance variables can be declared private. Access to these variables can be provided through public methods such as getName(), getAge(), and getRollNumber().
Reasons for using encapsulation:
Data hiding: Encapsulation protects the data from being accessed and manipulated by external sources, ensuring data security and integrity.
Improved maintainability: Encapsulation makes the code easier to maintain by encapsulating the changes to a single unit and reducing the risk of affecting the rest of the code.
Increased flexibility: Encapsulation allows changing the implementation of a class without affecting its external behavior.
Abstraction: Encapsulation provides a level of abstraction by hiding the implementation details and exposing only the necessary information to the outside world.
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