java unchecked exception list
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understanding unchecked exceptions in java
in java, exceptions are categorized into two main types: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. unchecked exceptions are exceptions that do not need to be declared in a method's `throws` clause. they are subclasses of `runtimeexception` and `error`.
common unchecked exceptions include:
`nullpointerexception`
`arrayindexoutofboundsexception`
`classcastexception`
`arithmeticexception`
`illegalargumentexception`
`numberformatexception`
key characteristics of unchecked exceptions
1. **runtime**: they occur during the execution of the program, not at compile time.
2. **not mandatory to handle**: you are not required to catch or specify them in the method signature.
3. **indicate programming errors**: they often indicate bugs in your code, such as logic errors or improper use of an api.
example of unchecked exceptions
let’s explore a few common unchecked exceptions with code examples.
#### 1. nullpointerexception
this exception occurs when you try to use an object reference that has not been initialized (i.e., it’s `null`).
#### 2. arrayindexoutofboundsexception
this exception occurs when you try to access an array with an index that is out of bounds (either negative or beyond the array length).
#### 3. arithmeticexception
this exception occurs when an illegal arithmetic operation is performed, such as division by zero.
#### 4. classcastexception
this exception occurs when you try to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.
#### 5. illegalargumentexception
this exception is thrown to indicate that a method has been passed an illegal or inappropriate argument.
summary
unchecked exceptions are part of the `runtimeexception` hierarchy and can occur at any time during program execution.
they usually indicate programming errors, and it's a good practice to avoid them through proper validation and error-checking.
you are not required to catch or decla ...
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