#6 Operator Overloading in python||polymorphism in python||In telugu|| Python for beginners
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Operator overloading in Python allows you to define how operators behave for objects of your own custom classes. Essentially, it lets you use built-in Python operators such as `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `==`, etc., with your custom objects. Here's a simple example to illustrate operator overloading:
```python
class Vector:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def __add__(self, other):
return Vector(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)
def __mul__(self, scalar):
return Vector(self.x * scalar, self.y * scalar)
Usage
v1 = Vector(1, 2)
v2 = Vector(3, 4)
Adding two vectors
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3.x, v3.y) # Output: 4 6
Multiplying a vector by a scalar
v4 = v1 * 3
print(v4.x, v4.y) # Output: 3 6
```
In this example:
We define a class `Vector` to represent 2D vectors with `x` and `y` components.
We overload the addition operator `+` by implementing the `__add__` method. When we add two `Vector` objects (`v1 + v2`), Python calls this method and returns a new `Vector` object whose `x` and `y` components are the sum of the corresponding components of the two vectors.
We overload the multiplication operator `*` by implementing the `__mul__` method. When we multiply a `Vector` object by a scalar (`v1 * 3`), Python calls this method and returns a new `Vector` object whose `x` and `y` components are each multiplied by the scalar.
This way, we can use the `+` and `*` operators with our `Vector` objects as if they were built-in numeric types, making the code more readable and intuitive.
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