JVM Heap Memory & Garbage Collection Explained (Java Interview)
Heap Area is the common runtime data area where all class instances and arrays are allocated
Dynamic Allocation: Memory for objects is allocated at runtime using the new keyword.
Shared Space: Unlike the Stack, which is thread-private, the Heap is accessible by all threads, making synchronization necessary for shared objects.
Automatic Management: Java uses a Garbage Collector (GC) to automatically reclaim memory from objects that are no longer reachable.
Error Condition: If the heap becomes full and the GC cannot free more space, the JVM throws a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
To optimize Garbage Collection, the heap is typically divided into Generations based on object lifespans:
Young Generation: Where newly created objects are born.
Eden Space: The initial pool where most objects are first allocated.
Survivor Spaces (S0 & S1): Two small spaces that hold objects that survived a Minor GC in the Eden space.
Old (Tenured) Generation: Stores long-lived objects that have survived multiple garbage collection cycles in the Young Generation
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Spring Boot and backend fundamentals
Common interview mistakes and real use cases
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Freshers preparing for Java interviews
Experienced Java developers
Backend & Spring Boot engineers
Last-minute interview revision
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