JVM Heap Memory & Garbage Collection Explained (Java Interview)

Publié le: 11 février 2026
sur la chaîne: Java Deep Dive - Interviews
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Heap Area is the common runtime data area where all class instances and arrays are allocated


Dynamic Allocation: Memory for objects is allocated at runtime using the new keyword.
Shared Space: Unlike the Stack, which is thread-private, the Heap is accessible by all threads, making synchronization necessary for shared objects.
Automatic Management: Java uses a Garbage Collector (GC) to automatically reclaim memory from objects that are no longer reachable.
Error Condition: If the heap becomes full and the GC cannot free more space, the JVM throws a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space

To optimize Garbage Collection, the heap is typically divided into Generations based on object lifespans:

Young Generation: Where newly created objects are born.
Eden Space: The initial pool where most objects are first allocated.
Survivor Spaces (S0 & S1): Two small spaces that hold objects that survived a Minor GC in the Eden space.
Old (Tenured) Generation: Stores long-lived objects that have survived multiple garbage collection cycles in the Young Generation

Core Java concepts
Comparable vs Comparator and Collections
Java 8 & Streams interview questions
JVM internals and memory concepts
Spring Boot and backend fundamentals
Common interview mistakes and real use cases
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Last-minute interview revision


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